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SMS Karlsruhe
SMS ''Karlsruhe'' was a light cruiser of the built by the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy). She had one sister ship, ; the ships were very similar to the previous s. The ship was laid down in 1911, launched in November 1912, and completed by January 1914. Armed with twelve 10.5 cm SK L/45 guns, ''Karlsruhe'' had a top speed of , which allowed her to escape from British cruisers during her career.
After her commissioning, ''Karlsruhe'' was assigned to overseas duties in the Caribbean. She arrived in the area in July 1914, days before the outbreak of World War I. Once the war began, she armed the passenger liner , but while the ships were transferring equipment, British ships located them and pursued ''Karlsruhe''. Her superior speed allowed her to escape, after which she operated off the northeastern coast of Brazil. Here, she captured or sank sixteen ships. While en route to attack the shipping lanes to Barbados on 4 November 1914, a spontaneous internal explosion destroyed the ship and killed the majority of the crew. The survivors used one of ''Karlsruhe''s colliers to return to Germany in December 1914.
==Construction==
(詳細はErsatz'' " and was laid down at the Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel on 21 September 1911.〔〔Hildebrand, Röhr & Steinmetz, pp. 83–85〕 She was christened by Karl Siegrist, the mayor of Karlsruhe,〔 and launched on 11 November 1912, after which fitting-out work commenced. She was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet on 15 January 1914. The ship was long overall and had a beam of and a draft of forward. She displaced at full combat load. Her propulsion system consisted of two sets of Marine steam turbines driving two propellers. They were designed to give , but reached in service. These were powered by twelve coal-fired Marine-type water-tube boilers and two oil-fired double-ended boilers. These gave the ship a top speed of . ''Karlsruhe'' carried of coal, and an additional of oil that gave her a range of approximately at . ''Karlsruhe'' had a crew of 18 officers and 355 enlisted men.〔Gröner, p. 109〕
The ship was armed with twelve 10.5 cm SK L/45 guns in single pedestal mounts. Two were placed side by side forward on the forecastle, eight were located amidships, four on either side, and two were side by side aft.〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 160〕 The guns had a maximum elevation of 30 degrees, which allowed them to engage targets out to .〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 140〕 They were supplied with 1,800 rounds of ammunition, for 150 shells per gun. She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes with five torpedoes submerged in the hull on the broadside. She could also carry 120 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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